Evaluation of The Three-Dimensional Endoscopy in Basic and Extended Nasal Procedures: A Clinical and Cadaveric Study

Abstract Introduction The three-dimensional (3D) endoscope is considered a new surgical tool used in different approaches intranasal and anterior skull base procedures. There are many advantages of 3D over two-dimensional (2D) endoscopy that have been demonstrated clinical applications, training, experimental studies. Objective To show the difference between using 2D endoscopes during endonasal surgery its importance. Methods Our study divided into two phases (clinical cadaveric phases). In we, performed 52 procedures (26 cases 26 control cases). We recorded accuracy, duration, intraoperative complication for each case. was on three cadavers. Differences accuracy dissection time were side chosen by randomization. Results study, done significantly faster more accurate with less complications compared endoscope. dissection, while endoscope, there better depth perception regarding anatomical landmarks Conclusion Three-dimensional an advanced instrument allows training coming generation ear, nose, throat surgeons. Both studies offer promising outcome both surgery.